?當(dāng)系統(tǒng)中液壓元件運(yùn)動(dòng)到某一位置或某一角度時(shí)，液壓系統(tǒng)中的液壓油液將對(duì)其產(chǎn)生作用并產(chǎn)生壓力或能量流動(dòng)來(lái)完成特定的任務(wù)液壓系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)形式可以簡(jiǎn)單的分為直線運(yùn)動(dòng)形式、圓弧運(yùn)動(dòng)形式、曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)形式等這些結(jié)構(gòu)形式從根本上決定了液壓系統(tǒng)工作的復(fù)雜性及其對(duì)環(huán)境影響程度；從根本上決定了液壓件在復(fù)雜環(huán)境中工作時(shí)存在著一些缺點(diǎn)或缺陷。
例如直線運(yùn)動(dòng)形式主要用于傳遞能量和動(dòng)力；圓弧運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)主要用于傳遞壓力；曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)形式主要用于傳遞速度和力矩；曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)形式結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單易于實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化；曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)量相對(duì)較小；在有較高精度要求下，結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單便于實(shí)現(xiàn)控制性能要求，在有足夠精度要求情形下可以實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)控制性能要求；一般使用液壓油就可以進(jìn)行控制；在環(huán)境條件較差時(shí)使用液壓油有利于液壓件工作時(shí)保持工作穩(wěn)定；在實(shí)際工作中使用液壓油不僅可以有效地減少液壓件自身消耗，還可以延長(zhǎng)液壓件使用壽命等作用。
液壓液通常分為有機(jī)液壓液（油）和無(wú)機(jī)液壓液兩大類 1、有機(jī)液壓液 有機(jī)液壓液是一種完全合成的液壓油它有很好的低溫性能，具有良好的流動(dòng)性、剪切性能和抗磨損性其化學(xué)成分非常穩(wěn)定，無(wú)氣孔，無(wú)離子交換反應(yīng)，水解反應(yīng)，其質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)不超過(guò)2%(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為5%時(shí)一般應(yīng)超過(guò)50%)。
同時(shí)這種油液還具有抗氧化和防止水解及防油垢的作用有機(jī)液壓液主要用于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域和設(shè)備上的各種液壓元件工作場(chǎng)所，如：起重機(jī)齒輪嚙合中起到潤(rùn)滑作用；高速旋轉(zhuǎn)的精密機(jī)械中可有效地減少摩擦及防止污染、防止銹蝕、防銹防生銹等。
同時(shí)還可以替代傳統(tǒng)液壓油來(lái)使用，降低燃油消耗、提高工作效率因此有機(jī)液壓液有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景，是目前許多工業(yè)設(shè)備上不可缺少的優(yōu)良液壓液 2、密封作用 密封是液壓件發(fā)揮密封作用的重要形式密封元件受到一定壓力后，液體從外部進(jìn)入并且與其相隔離。
液體與內(nèi)部油液間能進(jìn)行熱量傳遞從而保證工作溫度不超過(guò)油溫極限以下液體如果受有泄漏的介質(zhì)影響會(huì)發(fā)生漏油事故，這種漏油事故會(huì)對(duì)整個(gè)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生危害通過(guò)機(jī)械密封元件可以防止液體泄漏，如活塞或者氣缸、活塞環(huán)以及密封填料等。
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